Why might a drive stun be ineffective in a combative situation, according to DPS TASER training?

A drive stun may be ineffective in a combative situation for several reasons, primarily rooted in the dynamics of the encounter and the physiological response of the individual being targeted.

When maintaining contact with a combative suspect, the challenges are heightened due to their resistance and potential movements. In high-stress situations, suspects might be thrashing or moving unpredictably, making it hard for an officer to keep the TASER's probes in contact with the suspect’s skin. This inconsistency in contact hinders the device's ability to deliver its electrical charge effectively.

Furthermore, the effectiveness of a TASER in incapacitating a subject relies on the spread of its contact points. If the probes are too close together, they may not create a large enough circuit across the nervous system to induce neuromuscular incapacitation (NMI). This is especially relevant in combative scenarios where the suspect may be physically exerting themselves, reducing the effectiveness of the device's output.

Additionally, the application of pressure points can be challenging in combative situations. The ability to leverage anatomical vulnerabilities to control a subject may be impaired due to their erratic movements and resistance, which further complicates the use of the TASER for a reliable incapacitation effect.

These factors cumulatively explain